Target Market Alternatives For Zest Sedan †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Target Market Alternatives For Zest Sedan? Answer: Presentation The exploration paper talks about the promoting research led by the business association named Tata Motors to target explicit market fragments comprising of clients and deal with the conveyance of their new item. Goodbye Motors uncovers the new Zest car for the clients of the center portion since it is neither a hatchback nor a major measured vehicle and can work well for the clients. It is another passage in the medium sized vehicle sections, and Tata Motors has made a forceful dispatch system in the wake of directing an advertising research. The vehicle has another structure, and it has been joined with the plans of vehicles made in UK and Italy. The vehicle comprises of projector headlamps, LED tail lights and a progressed HARMAN music and infotainment framework that will impact the purchasing practices of clients and keep them fulfilled as well (Armstrong et al. 2015). The promoting examination will incorporate the different data about the objective market choices, methods of cha racterizing a populace, characterize a legitimate inspecting casing to lead investigate on the Zest Sedan and bring out positive results at long last (Tatamotors.com 2017). A conversation of the objective market options for the Zest Goodbye Motors has followed a compelling propelling procedure after the showcasing research has been directed to ensure that the new Zest reduced vehicle is propelled appropriately in the market. The focused on showcase here has been the clients who are neither happy with the hatchbacks nor with the large measured vehicles. They need something new with the most developed highlights at a sensible value (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The organization in this manner revealed the new Zest vehicle that has a few highlights, which can make it stand apart among different vehicles in a similar value run. There are numerous highlights, for example, projector headlamps, LED Tail lights, guest plan for additional individuals than a hatchback can possess. The superb HARMAN infotainment framework is additionally present in the vehicle that gives comfort to the client to appreciate music, oversee route, infotainment and different administrations like driver help (Tatamotors.com 2017). The Zest has been focused for the new clients everywhere throughout the world, and it is an incredible methodology made by the association to deal with a key move towards a worldwide portfolio effortlessly and adequacy. The objective market comprises of youthful clients who need something new and bewildering and brimming with highlights inside a sensible cost. Goodbye Motors has directed the statistical surveying, on the grounds that the contributions made by clients are not needy upon the time after the vehicle has been propelled, rather depends on the states of market sections and market elements (Burns and Bush 2013). The market options incorporate the youthful clients just as family people who need something that is protected and offers better dependability and solace while voyaging. The Zest is one the best-average sized vehicle with a 1.2 Revotron motor and is made of high quality steel that makes it very protected and secure during accidents and in this way has been favored by numerous clients (Chatterjee 2015). Goodbye Motors has consistently been an increasingly significant organization that conveys new vehicles now and again, and it has been a significant methodology taken by the organization consistently. The Zest was propelled a couple of years back, and it figured out how to snatch a great deal of market sections, however it didn't get fruitful as it was required to be. In this way, to give the clients better highlights and more space for seating, new section driving highlights have been empowered including double Airbags, Advanced stopping mechanism or ABS, back stopping sensors, LED Headlamps and tail lights, HARMAN infotainment framework and numerous others (Dawar and Arora 2016). The organization has increased a decent toehold in Australia and has even thought about their new dispatch as a worldwide vehicle. Goodbye Motors has focused on the white collar class individuals who need a jazzy, highlight stuffed minimal vehicle at sensible costs and the new dispatch can doubtlessly make a positive imprint in the serious business condition (Gerlach and Witt 2012). A conversation of the elective methods of characterizing the Population for an exploration concentrate on the Zest There are different methods of characterizing a legitimate testing outline and decide the size of the example. The non-likelihood testing strategy is valuable for deciding the correct example through thought of the inputs of chiefs and pioneers of the association and afterward leads a statistical surveying to enter new markets and stays effective all around. Both the likelihood and non-likelihood testing approaches are compelling for characterizing the populace and ensure that information and data are gathered from them to lead the promoting research easily and productivity (Hair Jr and Lukas 2014). The likelihood testing strategy takes into consideration using the different types of arbitrarily choosing the respondents and it is essential to set up forms and guarantee that all the units have equivalent chances to take cooperation in the inspecting procedure. PC frameworks are utilized for choosing the examples arbitrarily and increase a decent measure of reactions from the clients i n regards to their necessities and prerequisites and whether those would be met with the purchasing of ne Zest vehicle conveyed by Tata Motors (Hair et al. 2012). The irregular inspecting strategy is a piece of the likelihood testing approach though the non-likelihood examining approach incorporates the purposive and advantageous inspecting strategies. The purposive examining strategy is overseen by keeping the testing strategies purposive in nature, and the inspecting issues can be drawn nearer with the assistance of a specific arrangement and even keep the people think about the advertising research theme. It is critical to deal with the purposive examining by ensuring that the respondents meet the models of being a piece of the way toward testing (Malhotra, Birks and Wills 2013). The purposive examining utilized by Tata Motors in Australia has helped in arriving at the focused on test inside exceptionally less time, and the inspecting for proportionality has not been considered here. The assessments and reactions gave by the clients, who have been chosen as tests for the advertising research have been acquired effectively with the assistanc e of purposive examining strategy and is a lot of helpful to get to and deal with the information and data (Nielsen and Wilhite 2015). The advantageous inspecting approach empowers directing meetings with the higher authorities of the organization, for example, administrators or pioneers and even leads meets in a predictable way by TV news programs for getting a speedy reaction and impartial general suppositions as well. It is essential to decide from the start whether the examples would be accessible or not on the grounds that the advantageous examining approach had been gainful for social affair subjective information for the most part (Sinha 2016). As the administrators and pioneers would not generally be accessible to give their reactions during the advertising research setting, it is basic for the scientists to ensure that an appropriate time is given to them when they can be a piece of the meeting to convey their important thoughts and assessments (Tatamotors.com 2017). By social event the examples through non-likelihood advantageous inspecting approach, scientists would have the option to know the genuine mot ivation behind uncovering the new Zest vehicle and what the objective market had been for Tata Motors (Takeyasu 2013). A conversation of the elective methods of characterizing the Sampling Frame for the examination on the Zest The testing outline is made to discover the source material, from which the examples are drawn, i.e., the clients are focused on. The inspecting edge would comprise of the different people inside a populace who could be taken as tests for looking into the recently propelled Zest car. The testing outline is made by characterizing the populace, subject and number of tests. During the initial step of examining, the clients are furnished with overview polls in regards to the dispatch of the new Zest vehicle and surveying their audits in regards agreeable to them (Vakhariya 2017). The administrators of Tata Motors were likewise brought in for the meetings with the assistance of helpful testing technique for social occasion their reactions and besides decide the real reasons and advantages that can be acquired by the organization not long after the dispatch of new Zest vehicle. 100 individuals from various market portions have been chosen as tests for directing the examination and ensure t hat the states of the different market fragments are seen appropriately. Among these 100 respondents, 10 are the administrators who have given their reactions and conclusions in regards to the dispatch of their new item with no inclination (Wilson et al. 2012). The examination site comprised of 10 chiefs of Tata Motors from different pieces of the world as per their inclination of work. For leading the exploration and build up an appropriate testing outline, broadened experts are viewed as, for example, people having a place from divisions of advertising, activities, acquisition, ecological wellbeing and security, coordinations and dissemination, and so on. (Armstrong et al. 2015). A conversation of the elective methods of characterizing the inspecting approach for the examination on the Zest There are two inspecting approaches including the likelihood and non-likelihood examining approaches. The likelihood examining approach comprises of an arbitrary determination of members while the non-likelihood inspecting approach incorporates the purposive and advantageous testing methods. In any case, the organization has considered the non-likelihood testing approach as powerful to get the significant information as reactions from the chiefs, which is another elective method of characterizing the examining approach (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The purposive inspecting approach is made do in view of the thought of real reason and comprehend

List a phobia and explain the systematic desensitization of a phobia Essay

Rundown a fear and clarify the orderly desensitization of a fear - Essay Example ty clutters, and comprises of training the individuals who experience the ill effects of it adapting procedures, building up a chain of importance of improvements that cause the phobic dread and afterward logically and bit by bit presenting them to the thing they dread (Wikipedia, n.d; Rainey, 1997). At the point when individuals experience the ill effects of silly dread, for example, stature, they will in general maintain a strategic distance from the thing they dread. Since theyre maintaining a strategic distance from it, their uneasiness level diminishes and the decrease of the dread is fortified by negative fortifications. Rather than this, the precise desensitization first instructs how to diminish the degrees of uneasiness and dread by subjective methodologies that help control the dread as opposed to letting it develop inside until it gets insufferable. These procedures can be reflection, thinking glad contemplations, focusing on breathing and that's just the beginning. Having been instructed how to unwind and diminish their uneasiness, the phobic individual will be presented to the object of his dread step by step, by first having the option to discuss it, at that point seeing an image outlining the circumstance or thing he dread, at that point encountering something comparable, lastly by encountering it. One basic dread is the dread of flying. Numerous individuals think it is very hazardous to fly planes since it is high noticeable all around and the plane can crash. These individuals see the experience of flying as alarming and something which they can never do, seeing as how it totally deadens them. In like manner with the methodical desensitization, the specialist will initially show the patient various approaches to unwind, similar to the ones recently referenced. Unwinding is significant while talking about this dread, in light of the fact that dissimilar to different feelings of trepidation from creatures or different items, flying a plane can an hours ago, and for this situation, it is critical to have the option to completely unwind. At that point, having built up the upgrades which cause the phobic scenes, the advisor will begin with the least uneasiness inciting improvement and step by step proceed onward to the following one, until the entirety of the things recorded on the nervousness pecking order have been

Medications You Should Never Mix With Alcohol

Medications You Should Never Mix With Alcohol Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Dangers of Mixing Alcohol and Medications By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Sally Anscombe / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery If you take medication of any sort, even over-the-counter or herbal remedies, drinking alcohol can have serious consequences. In some cases, alcohol can make the medications less effective, interfering with their absorption in the digestive tract. At other times, it can increase the bioavailability of a drug, potentially raising blood concentration to toxic levels. Whether or not the drug label warns against alcohol use, do not assume that the absence of a warning means that everything is okay. If in doubt, contact your doctor and ask if alcohol should be avoided with any of the drugs you are taking, especially chronic or prescription medications. In some cases, you may be advised to avoid alcohol for either four hours before or after a dose.?? In others, you may need to switch drugs or avoid drinking alcohol altogether. Medications Not to Take With Alcohol According to the National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism, here is a shortlist of brand-name drugs and some possible reactions that might occur if taken with alcohol. Allergy, Cold, and Flu Medications You should avoid drinking if taking allergy medications and any multi-symptom cold and flu formulation. Drowsiness and dizziness are common, interfering with your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery.?? Because the combined use can impair judgment, there is also an increased risk of overdose. Avoiding using alcohol with: AlavertAllegra or Allegra-DBenadrylClarinexClaritin or Claritin-DDimetapp Cold and AllergySudafed Sinus and AllergyTriaminic Cold and AllergyTylenol Cold and FluZyrtec Angina Medications Angina, also known as ischemic chest pain, is a type of pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Taking alcohol with the angina medication nitroglycerin can lead to a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), sudden changes in blood pressure, dizziness, and fainting.?? Avoid drinking when taking any brand of nitroglycerin including: NitrostatNitromistNitroquickNitrolingualNitro-DurMinitranNitro-BidNitronol Anti-Anxiety and Epilepsy Medications The combined use of alcohol and anti-anxiety and epilepsy medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, slowed breathing, impaired motor control, abnormal behavior, and memory loss.?? Avoid taking alcohol with: AtivanKlonopinPaxilValiumXanax Antibiotics The combined use of alcohol and certain antibiotics can cause rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), sudden changes in blood pressure, stomach pain, vomiting, headache, flushing, and liver damage. Avoid taking alcohol with: AmoxicillinFlagylNizoralNydrazidTindamax Antidepressants As a rule, the combined use of alcohol and antidepressants can cause drowsiness, dizziness, increased feelings of depression. Avoid taking alcohol with: AnafranilCelexaEffexorElavilLexaproLuvoxNorpraminPaxilSerzoneWellbutrinZoloft Anti-Nausea Medications The combined use of alcohol and anti-nausea medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired motor control.?? Avoid taking alcohol with: AntivertAtaraxDramaminePhenergan Anti-Seizure Medications The combined use of alcohol and anti-seizure medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and even the very seizures they are meant to prevent. Avoid taking alcohol with: DilantinKlonopin Arthritis Medications The combined use of alcohol and certain arthritis medications can cause ulcers, stomach bleeding, and liver problems. Avoid taking alcohol with: CelebrexNaprosynVoltaren Blood Thinners Blood thinners are used to prevent the formation of blood clots. Occasional drinking may lead to internal bleeding. Heavier drinking can also cause bleeding or have the opposite effect, enhancing blood clot formation and increasing the risk of stroke or heart attacks. Avoid taking alcohol with: Coumadin (warfarin) Cholesterol Medications The combined use of alcohol and certain cholesterol-lowering medications can cause flushing, itching, stomach bleeding, and liver damage. Avoid taking alcohol with AdvicorAltocorCrestorLipitorMevacorNiaspanVytorinZocor Cough Suppressants As with cold and flu remedies, the combined use of alcohol and cough medications can lead to drowsiness, dizziness, and motor impairment. Avoid taking alcohol with: Robitussin A-C or Robitussin CoughDelsym Diabetes Medications The combined use of alcohol and certain diabetes medications can cause abnormally low blood sugar, nausea, vomiting, headache, rapid heartbeat, and sudden changes in blood pressure. Avoid taking alcohol with: GlucophageMicronaseOrinase Heartburn Medications The combined use of alcohol and certain heartburn medications can cause rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), sudden changes in blood pressure, and enhanced alcohol effect. Avoid taking alcohol with: AxidReglanTagametZantac High Blood Pressure Medications The combined use of alcohol and hypertension medications can cause dizziness, fainting, drowsiness, and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).?? Avoid taking alcohol with: AccuprilCapozideCarduraCatapresCozaarHytrinLopressor HCTLotensinMinipressVaseretic Muscle Relaxants The combined use of alcohol and muscle relaxants can cause drowsiness, dizziness, slowed or impaired breathing, impaired motor control, abnormal behavior, memory loss, and seizures.?? Avoid taking alcohol with: FlexerilSomaAntivertAtarax Narcotic Pain Medications As a rule, the combined use of alcohol and narcotic pain medications can cause drowsiness, dizziness, slowed or impaired breathing, impaired motor control, abnormal behavior, memory loss, and an increased risk of overdose. Avoid taking alcohol with: Darvocetâ€"NDemerolFiorinalPercocetVicodin Over-the-Counter Pain Medications The combined use of alcohol and painkillers (including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can cause stomach upset, stomach bleeding, stomach ulcers, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), and liver damage. Avoid taking alcohol with: AdvilAleveExcedrinMotrinTylenolAny drug or multi-symptom remedy containing ibuprofen Prostate Medications The combined use of alcohol and prostate medications can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Avoid taking alcohol with: CarduraFlomaxMinipress Sleep Aids As a rule, the combined use of alcohol and sleep medications should be avoided. It can cause slowed or impaired breathing, impaired motor control, abnormal behavior, memory loss, and fainting. Avoid taking alcohol with: AmbienLunestaProsomRestorilUnisom

Analysis Of Joyce Carol OatesWhere Are You Going, Where...

Dreams can be really realistic. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a fictional short story by Joyce Carol Oates, in which Connie is visited by Arnold Friend in a dream. Through plot, characterization, and setting, Joyce Carol Oates successfully proves that Connie dreams the entire visitation from Arnold Friend. Joyce Carol Oates uses plot to prove that Connie dreams the entire visitation from Arnold Friend. (Introduce your quote) â€Å"I know your name and all about you, lots of things† (Oates page 4). Connie is feeling lonely in her life, and what she wants deep down most of all, is to have someone that she can open up her heart to. Arnold Friend fulfills this wish by saying, ‘I know you. You can open your heart to me’.. However,†¦show more content†¦Her mind does not know any limits while sleeping, so she creates aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joyce Carol OatesWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?1030 Words   |  5 PagesEve ryone goes through a stage in their life where sexuality is explored. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a short story by Joyce Carol Oates. Throughout the story, the author develops the protagonist’s sexuality with the use of narration, plot, and characterization. The way the author portrays Connie through her third person omniscient point of view, the reader sees that Connie lives a mature life. It states that, â€Å"Connie sat with her eyes closed in the sun, dreaming and dazed Analysis Of Joyce Carol OatesWhere Are You Going, Where... Everyone goes through a stage in their life where sexuality is explored. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a short story by Joyce Carol Oates. Throughout the story, the author develops the protagonist’s sexuality with the use of narration, plot, and characterization. The way the author portrays Connie through her third person omniscient point of view, the reader sees that Connie lives a mature life. It states that, â€Å"Connie sat with her eyes closed in the sun, dreaming and dazed with the warmth about her as if it were a kind of love, the caresses of love, and her mind slipped over onto thoughts of the boy she had been with the night before and how nice he had been, how sweet it always was† (Oates 2). Connie is†¦show more content†¦As the plot develops, so does Connie’s sexuality. When Connie and her friend group are being observed by a group of older guys, â€Å"It made them feel good to ignore them† (Oates 1). Connie feels powerful when she rejects attention from random guys. Her beauty is her power and she knows how to use it to her advantage. All that Connie needs is a bit of reassurance to make herself feel better; once she receives that she feels as though she is superior. Connie believes that she needs to be attractive to gain attention. From an outside perspective, â€Å"Connie’s description of her beauty being ‘everything’ can be interpreted to mean that she would feel worthless without it† (Holmen). She does not know her own self worth. The attention that Connie is presented with by men and other male characters validates her own personal value. Connie has become dependent on the looks that she receives to build up her self confidence. Not only is Connie’s self esteem shown with the use of narration, but the reader also learns what Connie spends her time thinking about. It is shown that, â€Å"The rest of the time Connie spent around the house- it was summer vacation- getting in her mother’s way and thinking, dreaming about the boys she met† (Oates 2). Connie thrives when she is given attention. When she is home, she does not get that attention from anywhere. To make up for it, she fantasizes about all the time she has spent with every guy prior. Connie’s actions give away herShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joyce Carol OatesWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been?836 Words   |  4 Pagescan be really realistic. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a fictional short story by Joyce Carol Oates, in which Connie is visited by Arnold Friend in a dream. Through plot, characterization, and setting, Joyce Carol Oates successfully proves that Connie dreams the entire visitation from Arnold Friend. Joyce Carol Oates uses plot to prove that Connie dreams the entire visitation from Arnold Friend. (Introduce your quote) â€Å"I know your name and all about you, lots of things† (Oates page

The Cruel Treatment Of African American Women Essay

The cruel treatment of African American Women in Antebellum In the book Ar n t I a Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South, author Deborah Gray White writes about the cruel treatment that female slaves faced, as they were given no choice when it came to marriage and were sexually assaulted. By including Primary and Secondary sources, White further explains the inhumane treatment that female slaves had to go through. White’s work offers first hand accounts of how women were stereotyped and mistreated by their owners in the antebellum period. These events play a big role in the way we view local history, as many first hand accounts of cruelty towards female slaves are uncommon to find. The time period is important as the antebellum period viewed all dark skinned women as slaves. â€Å"They were black because they were black, and even more than sex, color was the absolute determinant of class in Antebellum America† (White 15). This quote by white illustrates the way people thought about African Americans in Antebellum as the y judged a person for what their skin color was and formed opinions about them. Being black in Antebellum meant that you were a slave and every decision was dictated by your slave master. African American Women in Antebellum faced many problems such being stereotyped and being forced to have children. Deborah White writes about how the time period affected black women and how different stereotypes were formed based on location. Another aspect thatShow MoreRelatedSlavery Was A Cruel And Devastating Trade That Ravished Through The World During The Antebellum Era Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery was a cruel and devastating trade that ravished through the world during the Antebellum Era. For both men and women slavery destroyed their entire lives. They both were ripped form their birthplaces and families and forced to endure exhausting physical tasks day in and day out. 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In order to colonize the land, the Europeans had to use slaves for manual labor; whether it be the African slaves in Barbados and Chesapeake, or the Native Americans mining for gold, or even orphan children working on farms. The colonial elites had to use force, persuasion, threat, and deceit to accomplish their goals and maintain control. Throughout history, we see many occasions in which one race enslaves another. But has

A day in the Life of Arab Free Essays

In the summer months of 1985 I was in Beirut, Lebanon on a two months vacation where I met some good people. Ahmed is a grade school teacher in Beirut and I meet him barely one week after I arrived in Beirut, when I was hanging around, pondering about the historical significance of Mount Hermon as it was mentioned in the Biblical history. He lives in the outskirt of Beirut a few blocks from where I am living and he has a deep knowledge of the Lebanese history and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on A day in the Life of Arab or any similar topic only for you Order Now One time, I ask Ahmed about what he thinks of Israel, as the Biblical text seemed to point out to Israel as God’s favored nation. Ahmed would usually flare-up when the issue concerns Israel. As I read on some of their historical literature I have learned that despite of the relative wealth of Lebanon, its leaders were divided into three main groups on some national issues. The first group wanted Lebanon to be part of France, while the second group called for the integration of Lebanon with in the framework of Arab unity, and the third wanted independence of Lebanon from France. As I was analyzing the political situation in Lebanon during this time, I realized that it was the spirit of Arab nationalism that had prevailed, as most of the Lebanese believed Lebanon is an inseparable part of the world. I noticed that most Lebanese are devout Arab nationalist and their cultures were distinctly in the context of the Arab world. One of its writers even wrote that Lebanon was culturally influenced by the Mediterranean and by the ancient people that inhabited this basin. Â  As I go around the cities, faces of western influences were evident in most cities through the many facades particularly in the main cities. The Arab traditional lifestyle which revolves firmly around the family, socializing, and hospitality were exactly the case in most families, although those living outside the city especially in the remote areas, retained their old customs and tradition. As I had observed, Lebanese people are generally literate and Lebanon has one of the most technically prepared, and educated populations in the Middle East. In matters of food and drinks, most of Lebanese cuisines were a combination of the European cuisine and the eastern spicy. The Lebanese traditional dishes still exist in many places, which are simple preparations, using grains, pulses and vegetable and fruit. A Typical Lebanese meal on the other hand is the mezze. This is a thorough spread of forty or fifty hors d’oeuvres or simply a salad bowl. However, unlike in other Arabian countries, Lebanese people were the most frequently disturbed people by war, by invasion and annexation of different countries surrounding her. Lebanon at one time was under French government and at some other period was invaded by Syria and Israel. Despite of those troubling wars, and internal chaos, the Lebanese people was thriving economically. In my observation however, despite that this country is an Arab state many of its inhabitants are Christians and at some times was governed by a Maronite Christian but was assassinated in February 2005. As I analyzed the social and cultural life of the Lebanese society I found out that the root of internal chaos in Lebanon was, there is an unresolved character of the Lebanese national culture. Was the character of the Lebanese society Arab and Muslim in orientation or Christian and Western? There are several strong communities competing to gain control of power in Lebanon such as the Maronites, Christians, the Nusayris, the Antioch Turks, and Bedouin, which reveals the multi-culturism of the Lebanese society that in my view, this multiculturalism should be clearly understood by its people in order for them to gain peace within, and in international relations. Reference Lebanon http://www.arab.net/lebanon/ How to cite A day in the Life of Arab, Essays

A day in the Life of Arab Free Essays

In the summer months of 1985 I was in Beirut, Lebanon on a two months vacation where I met some good people. Ahmed is a grade school teacher in Beirut and I meet him barely one week after I arrived in Beirut, when I was hanging around, pondering about the historical significance of Mount Hermon as it was mentioned in the Biblical history. He lives in the outskirt of Beirut a few blocks from where I am living and he has a deep knowledge of the Lebanese history and culture. We will write a custom essay sample on A day in the Life of Arab or any similar topic only for you Order Now One time, I ask Ahmed about what he thinks of Israel, as the Biblical text seemed to point out to Israel as God’s favored nation. Ahmed would usually flare-up when the issue concerns Israel. As I read on some of their historical literature I have learned that despite of the relative wealth of Lebanon, its leaders were divided into three main groups on some national issues. The first group wanted Lebanon to be part of France, while the second group called for the integration of Lebanon with in the framework of Arab unity, and the third wanted independence of Lebanon from France. As I was analyzing the political situation in Lebanon during this time, I realized that it was the spirit of Arab nationalism that had prevailed, as most of the Lebanese believed Lebanon is an inseparable part of the world. I noticed that most Lebanese are devout Arab nationalist and their cultures were distinctly in the context of the Arab world. One of its writers even wrote that Lebanon was culturally influenced by the Mediterranean and by the ancient people that inhabited this basin. Â  As I go around the cities, faces of western influences were evident in most cities through the many facades particularly in the main cities. The Arab traditional lifestyle which revolves firmly around the family, socializing, and hospitality were exactly the case in most families, although those living outside the city especially in the remote areas, retained their old customs and tradition. As I had observed, Lebanese people are generally literate and Lebanon has one of the most technically prepared, and educated populations in the Middle East. In matters of food and drinks, most of Lebanese cuisines were a combination of the European cuisine and the eastern spicy. The Lebanese traditional dishes still exist in many places, which are simple preparations, using grains, pulses and vegetable and fruit. A Typical Lebanese meal on the other hand is the mezze. This is a thorough spread of forty or fifty hors d’oeuvres or simply a salad bowl. However, unlike in other Arabian countries, Lebanese people were the most frequently disturbed people by war, by invasion and annexation of different countries surrounding her. Lebanon at one time was under French government and at some other period was invaded by Syria and Israel. Despite of those troubling wars, and internal chaos, the Lebanese people was thriving economically. In my observation however, despite that this country is an Arab state many of its inhabitants are Christians and at some times was governed by a Maronite Christian but was assassinated in February 2005. As I analyzed the social and cultural life of the Lebanese society I found out that the root of internal chaos in Lebanon was, there is an unresolved character of the Lebanese national culture. Was the character of the Lebanese society Arab and Muslim in orientation or Christian and Western? There are several strong communities competing to gain control of power in Lebanon such as the Maronites, Christians, the Nusayris, the Antioch Turks, and Bedouin, which reveals the multi-culturism of the Lebanese society that in my view, this multiculturalism should be clearly understood by its people in order for them to gain peace within, and in international relations. Reference Lebanon http://www.arab.net/lebanon/ How to cite A day in the Life of Arab, Essays

T.S. EliotS The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essays - Chapbooks

T.S. Eliot'S ?The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock? Philosophers recognize the harmony and duality of the universe with symbols like Ying and Yang. The title character in T.S. Eliots poem, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, has not. The poem is an internal monologue where Prufrock reveals himself as lonely and timid. Prufrock is a man in conflict with his duality, the society he has to live in, and the long lost dreams of his youth. Hot and cold, fire and water; duality is part of nature. Prufrock is not in harmony with his two sides. On the surface Prufrock is like a field mouse, frozen by fear who asks, Do I dare? And Do I dare? Inside is a tiger that knows there is time to murder and create. Prufrock is a tiger in the body of a field mouse. Prufrocks field mouse is what society sees. Instead of cats and owls, ridicule and rejection are his natural enemies. Prufrock fears he is not able to meet societys standard. He fears society will have him pinned and wriggling on the wall. J. Alfred Prufrock is afraid, not only of what they will say, but how society will look at him. Prufrocks inner tiger wants to ride seaward on the waves and experience the passion of his youth. He is aroused by the perfume from a dress, but is held back by fear. Now, he only dreams of one night cheap hotels, because he knows those times are past. He has seen his life pass by, teaspoon by teaspoon, and knows death is waiting; laughing at a life half lived. Some use the sun to measure days; Prufrock uses a coffee spoon. No longer the man he was, and unable to deal with the man he has become, Prufrock can not coexist with himself or society. The poem, an internal monologue, reveals the timidity and loneliness of J. Alfred Prufrock. Poetry

Green Grass, Running Water

Green Grass, Running Water Gender identity in Robert King’s Green Grass, Running Water is constantly overlapping and is developed from a native point of view. This deals majorly with the context of the invasion of the native values of communalism by the western ideologies of Christian patriarchy. The role of both men and women in the text is shown but women are the major ones who interest is centered on. Their role in the developing society mainly in the Blossom community is one that is highly remarkable and important.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Green Grass, Running Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case of the first woman, she depicts a society where women are given respect because of their intelligence and in helping in maintaining good relationships with other members of society. Women really try to maintain cohesiveness in society and this can be seen in the case where the first woman wants to share apples (King 70) . Hence we can say that in the book Green Grass, Running water, King paints the female character as one who wants to maintain good relationship between both living and non-living beings in the world. This can be seen to be the native values of communalism. The idea about braiding strands of air is also depicted as a way in which the strength of women is shown when they are together, this helps withstand the outside forces and this can be seen as a resistance towards the new cultures. Women in this context are used a symbol to form a unit, which is to bring unity in society with which a people can fight external forces. A literal example of â€Å"braiding in† can be seen in Lionel’s mother in her recipes, whenever she misses an ingredient, she finds a way of blending in some native ingredient to substitute the missing ingredients. This helps her prepare meals that are tasty and liked by all who eat them. For instance when Lionel asks her â€Å"What is it?†  "Vegetable soup and artichoke omelet†Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Where’d you get the artichokes?† â€Å"I had to substitute.† â€Å"So, whats in it now?† â€Å"Elk† (Kings 81). She is therefore innovative; she can use both native and modern recipes, an indicator of how both native and modern ways can be braided together for a better life. The women in the story are brought out as epitomes that are overturning stereotypes and seeking to secure a respectable space in the Society of Green Grass, Running Water, for instance, Norma contributes towards the growth of the Blossom community. As a woman in the community, she is the one who organizes other members in the rebuilding of Eli’s cabin together with that of her mother when the dam bursts its banks (King 170). She is also a source of counseling and guidance on El i and Lionel. This shows how a woman can rise against all odds to be a visionary member of society and helpful to fellow women and men alike.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Green Grass, Running Water specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In as much as King uses men throughout the text, they have also contributed greatly to the growth of the plot to its climax but one thing that is for sure is the fact that women are the ones used to bridge the gap that has been created by the two worlds, that of the natives and that of the non-native. All aspects of both worlds are just but part of the great whole and therefore if both are taken positively, then both can stand each other. Kings, Thomas. Green Grass, Running Water. New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1993

Rates of Change Worksheets with Solutions

Rates of Change Worksheets with Solutions Prior to working with rates of change, one should have an understanding of basic algebra, a variety of constants and non-constants ways in which a dependent variable can change with respect to changes in a second independent variable. It is also recommended that one has experience calculating slope and slope intercepts. The rate of change is a measure of how much one variable changes for a given change of a second variable, which is, how much one variable grows (or shrinks) in relation to another variable. The following questions require you to calculate the rate of change. Solutions are provided in the PDF. The speed at which a variable changes over a specific amount of time is considered the rate of change. Real life problems as those presented below require an understanding of calculating the rate of change. Graphs and formulas are used to calculate rates of change. Finding the average rate of change is similar to a slope of the secant line that passes through two points. Here are 10 practice questions below to test your understanding of rates of change. You will find PDF solutions here and at the end of the questions. Questions The distance a race car travels around a track during a race is measured by the equation: s(t)2t25t Where t is the time in seconds and s is the distance in meters. Determine the car’s average speed: During the first 5 secondsBetween 10 and 20 seconds.25 m from the start Determine the instantaneous speed of the car: At 1 secondAt 10 secondsAt 75 m The amount of medicine in a milliliter of a patient’s blood is given by the equation:M(t)t-1/3 t2Where M is the amount of medicine in mg, and t is the number of hours passed since administration.Determine the average change in medicine: In the first hour.Between 2 and 3 hours.1 hour after administration.3 hours after administration. Examples of rates of change are used daily in life and include but are not limited to: temperature and time of day, rate of growth over time, rate of decay over time, size and weight, increases and decreases of stock over time, cancer rates of growth, in sports rates of change are calculated about players and their statistics. Learning about rates of change usually begins in high school and the concept is then re-visited in calculus. There are often questions about the rate of change on SATs and other college entry assessments in mathematics. Graphing calculators and online calculators also have the ability to calculate a variety of problems involving the rate of change.

Rates of Change Worksheets with Solutions

Rates of Change Worksheets with Solutions Prior to working with rates of change, one should have an understanding of basic algebra, a variety of constants and non-constants ways in which a dependent variable can change with respect to changes in a second independent variable. It is also recommended that one has experience calculating slope and slope intercepts. The rate of change is a measure of how much one variable changes for a given change of a second variable, which is, how much one variable grows (or shrinks) in relation to another variable. The following questions require you to calculate the rate of change. Solutions are provided in the PDF. The speed at which a variable changes over a specific amount of time is considered the rate of change. Real life problems as those presented below require an understanding of calculating the rate of change. Graphs and formulas are used to calculate rates of change. Finding the average rate of change is similar to a slope of the secant line that passes through two points. Here are 10 practice questions below to test your understanding of rates of change. You will find PDF solutions here and at the end of the questions. Questions The distance a race car travels around a track during a race is measured by the equation: s(t)2t25t Where t is the time in seconds and s is the distance in meters. Determine the car’s average speed: During the first 5 secondsBetween 10 and 20 seconds.25 m from the start Determine the instantaneous speed of the car: At 1 secondAt 10 secondsAt 75 m The amount of medicine in a milliliter of a patient’s blood is given by the equation:M(t)t-1/3 t2Where M is the amount of medicine in mg, and t is the number of hours passed since administration.Determine the average change in medicine: In the first hour.Between 2 and 3 hours.1 hour after administration.3 hours after administration. Examples of rates of change are used daily in life and include but are not limited to: temperature and time of day, rate of growth over time, rate of decay over time, size and weight, increases and decreases of stock over time, cancer rates of growth, in sports rates of change are calculated about players and their statistics. Learning about rates of change usually begins in high school and the concept is then re-visited in calculus. There are often questions about the rate of change on SATs and other college entry assessments in mathematics. Graphing calculators and online calculators also have the ability to calculate a variety of problems involving the rate of change.

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example However, perceptions of employees and managers towards eLearning differ in small and large organizations. By taking on both large and small enterprises in Ireland from a number of sectors, the authors have conducted a research at how HR practitioners view eLearning, the level of awareness and results of eLearning in both the sectors. The authors found that eLearning has proved to be more beneficial in large organizations where greater awareness level is present. Moreover, use and knowledge of technology also determines the implications of eLearning on human resource development within organizations. Bullen, M.L & Eyler, K.A. (n.d). â€Å"Human resource accounting and international Developments: Implications for measurement of human capital† Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies. This article looks at how Human Resource Accounting (HRA) practice is undertaken in different countries like Greece, Canada, Germany, Portugal, etc. HRA considers investments made for developing intellectual capital as costs which reduce the profits of the firm. Lately, with the adoption of non-traditional modes of reporting and accounting, HRA finds relevance and place in this emerging trend as it helps managers in human resource decision making and strategy formulation. This article looks the adoption level and practice done in some major countries. Erasmus, B, Loedolff, V.P & Hammann, F. (2010). â€Å"Competencies for Human Resource Development Practitioners† International Business and Economics Research Journal, vol.9, no.8. This research paper identifies competencies- business, interpersonal and personal, required by HRD practitioners in attaining the desired level of success and satisfaction. The research was conducted on 1320 different sector South-African organizations to understand how well do these competencies apply to the HRD practitioners and how much are they satisfied with the current level of their skills and abilities. Hanna, D. (2010). â €Å"Organization Development and Human Resources Management† OD Practitioner, vol.42, no.4. Citing human resource development as the forces of stability within an organization, the author talks about the evolving role of HR from mere pay packages to caring and protecting employee rights. Human resource development adds value to the bottom line of the business and is the primary contributor to the overall organizational development. To achieve it, the author recommends steps for aligning HR and organizational development through team work, multitasking, staffing, empowerment, valuing diversity and carrying out a rotation plan for employees. Hassan, M & Yaqub, M.Z. (2010). â€Å"Strategic role of human resource development as boundary spanner† European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Services, Issue. 19. This article underpins the theoretical foundations of human resource development with practical challenges and dilemmas of HR managers and practitioners in the ever increasing globalized and complex business environment. The authors emphasize on boundary spanning role of HRD by identifying its contributions to the areas of leadership, responsiveness, flexibility, decision making, networking, collaboration and other forms of informal and self-directed learning in the workplace. Keavany, T.J. (1983). â€Å"Developing and maintaining human resources† Training and Development Journal, July. This article discusses in ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY - Essay Example CCTV cameras are being used almost everywhere to keep a check on criminals and this has been really effective in bringing down the crime rate. It has also being effective in restricting people from committing crimes. People tend to commit fewer crimes when they know that they are being watched and they will be nabbed should they commit a crime according to Marcus Nieto, the author of the article. There are social norms which every individual is expected to observe, crime is consistently on the rise in our modern day society. When individuals or groups decide not to follow norms, this is when deviance occurs. This deviance can cause a lot of trouble, vandalism is also the result of deviance and it is without a doubt a criminal activity. This paper will shed light upon crime and deviance at public events and public venues. The London bombing was a crime which shook the whole world, terrorists entered the metro station and caused havoc, this has had several ramifications. A few people who used to prefer trains have completed stopped traveling by train, it has deterred them from traveling by trains and it has inculcated fear like never before in them. Crime at a public place can affect a person mentally. If the same incident had occurred at a theme park, it would have left many people dead and the others who would survive the nightmare will never in their life visit a theme park again. It directly affects the psyche of an individual and changes it for worse; it breaks down an individual psychologically. Quality of life is directly affected after such a disastrous incident, it also affects the economy. Vandalism for instance can severely impact an economy, the damaged property is very difficult to replace and is very expensive too. Attack on Madrid’s subway station is another instance which changed the perception of people once and for all. â€Å"The police always say that crime is being prevented and the rate of crime has fallen down but they are destroying

To what extent do the accounts of turn taking in conversation Essay

To what extent do the accounts of turn taking in conversation described in Sacks, schegloff and Jefferson (1974) and Duncan ( 1972) agree with each other - Essay Example For example, we now all realize that the speaker who says "Its me" is not violating a rule of English by which he should say, "Its I." Rather, the mistake belongs to the grammarian who calls it an error. Speaker transition without gap or overlap is a feature of the social organization of conversation, achieved always then and there. For example, participants do not retrospectively attain it by editing their memory of a conversation. They do not, in the first instance, go outside the conversation in order to report violations to referees, policemen, oracles, etc., in the hope that external agencies will punish the violators. There is, then, a social organization to turn-taking which has as one of its proper products that one person talks at a time: Achieving this product requires participants to encounter and solve at least two tasks: the collaborative location of transition points, and the collaborative use of means for arriving at who speaks after any current speaker (Beattie, 1983). These are tasks which, on the situated occasions of their solution, are tasks of understanding. And participants so interpret them. They take failing to talk when one has been selected to and another s tops as evidence of failing to understand what has been said. The specific kinds of understanding required for achieving proper turn-taking are determined by how turn-taking is socially organized. For example, if conversation were structured so that the order of speakers and the lengths of their utterances were pre-assigned for whole conversations, turn-taking would impose rather minimal tasks of understanding upon participants (Duncan, 1972). They work in such a way as to require that parties to a conversation do extensive work of understanding if their system of turn-taking is to operate as it does. Both employ utterance units which need to be constantly monitored for their completion. Both operate to select future speakers in an one

Treatment of Women in Homers Odyssey :: Homer Odyssey womody

The Treatment of Women in Homer's Odyssey Judged by modern Western standards, the treatment of women by men in Homer's Odyssey can be characterized as sexist. Women in Homer's Odyssey are judged mainly by their looks. If important men and gods consider a woman beautiful, or if her son or husband is a hero or has an important position such as king, the woman is successful. The way women in The Odyssey are treated is based on appearance, the things men want from them, and whether the woman has any power over men. During Odysseus' journey to the underworld he sees many different types of women. We hear about their beauty, their important sons, or their affairs with gods. We hear nothing about these women's accomplishments in their lifetime. Odysseus tells how Antiope could "boast a god for a lover,"(193) as could Tyro and many other women. Epikaste was called "that prize"(195) her own son unwittingly married. Some women are known for the deeds of their sons or husbands, but never for a heroic deed of their own, their personalities, and what they do themselves. It seems the only accomplishment women could achieve was being beautiful. Theseus "had no joy of"(195) the princess Ariadne because she died before this was possible. Homer makes it sound as if Ariadne's life was useless because she did not give Theseus pleasure. The only woman we hear of for a different reason is Klymene, and we only hear of her because she "betrayed her lord for gold."(195) This is the only time we hear of a woman for something she did, and once we do, it is a negative remark. Penelope, Odysseus' queen, is paid attention to only because of her position. Because she has a kingdom, she has suitors crowding around her day and night. Being a woman, Penelope has no control over what the suitors do and cannot get rid of them. The suitors want her wealth and her kingdom. They do not respect her enough to stop feeding on Odysseus' wealth; they feel she owes them something because she won't marry one of them. One of the suitors, Antinoos, tells Telemakhos "...but you should know the suitors are not to blame- it is your own incomparably cunning mother."(21) Even Telemakhos doesn't respect his mother as he should. When the song of a minstrel makes her sad and Penelope requests him to stop playing, Telemakhos interrupts and says to her, "Mother, why do you grudge our own dear minstrel joy of song, wherever his thought may lead.

Behaviour Assessment in HRM Why Is Behaviour Assessment A Perennially Troubled Aspect of Human Resource Management?

A better understanding of the topic can be achieved by incorporating into the analysis the idea that â€Å"behaviour assessment† is also similar to â€Å"performance appraisal† and this means that both concepts deal with the assessment of employee performance in terms of what is expected of them and also on its effect on the overall competitive advantage of the firm in relation to its position in the industry.On the issue that behaviour assessment as a standard company policy is giving problems for both the organization in general and Human Resource Management (HRM) in particular can be explained based on the following propositions:1. Behavior assessment and other performance appraisal tools/systems are not clearly understood both for its true meaning, goals, and purpose. 2. Behaviour assessment and other performance appraisal tools/systems do not deliver on its promises to improve overall efficiency and profitability both for the organization and the individual employe e. 3. Behaviour assessment and other performance appraisal tools/systems need to be accurate all the time – there is great pressure on management – very little margin of error for a system generated by subjective human observations/judgements.4. Behaviour assessment and other performance appraisal tools/systems are sometimes regarded as the silver bullet that will solve all problems related to human resources. 5. And finally, these assessment tools are troubling the organization simply because it emanates from a department (HRM) that has weak foundations. It is an understatement to say that behaviour assessment tools are very difficult to understand and are all too complex to be used effectively.This stems from the fact that even HR specialists do not agree on what constitutes a correct performance appraisal system. Confusion abounds in the HRM world on how to standardize systems. Each company has their own version on how to observe and verify employee performance. Wor se, each company devises their methodology based on their needs and uses appraisal systems for varying reasons. The use of HRM behaviour assessments has its advocates and its critics.This polarization adds to the problem as members of the organization would be in a tug-of-war on how to proceed if ever they will decide to use such tools. Advocates of Behaviour Assessment Systems Amy Delpo in The Performance Appraisal Handbook harps on the benefits behaviour assessment tools and she said, â€Å"If you’ve been told to conduct performance evaluations it’s because the people who run your company realize that a performance evaluation system can deliver important benefits and improve the success of each employee, each department, and ultimately, your entire company (2005).She then lists the expected outcomes as follows: †¢ motivate employees to perform better and produce more †¢ help employee identify the ways in which they can develop and grow †¢ increase emp loyee morale †¢ improve respect employees have for their managers and senior management †¢ foster good communication between your staff and you †¢ identify poor performers and help them get on track and †¢ lay the groundwork to fire poor performers lawfully and fairly when they don’t improve.One of the reasons for the implementation of performance appraisal system is the need for building a strong organizational culture and many managers feel that the said appraisal system will guarantee correct data on what and where adjustments must be made to help the company move closer into that place where every employee is aware and always striving to maintain that organizational culture. On this great need, Mathis and Jackson explains the motivation to put in place such a system and he said:Every organization has a culture, and that culture influences how executives, managers, and employees act in making organizational decisions [†¦] the financial scandals in many firms in recent year illustrate the consequences of an â€Å"anything goes† organizational culture. (1989) What ignited the revolution for the use of behavioural assessment tools according Armstrong came from the landmark works of McClelland in 1973 and Boyatzis in 1982.McClelland suggested that â€Å"Criterion referencing or validation is the process of anlysing the key aspects of behaviour that differentiates between effective and less effective performance† (cited in Armstrong, 2003). This was later developed by Boyatzis when he said that competency is, â€Å"A capacity that exists in person that leads to behaviour that meets the job demands within the parameters of the organizational environment and that , in turn, brings about desired results† (as cited in Armstrong, 2003 ). No self-respecting manager can resist the promise of behaviour assessment systems.Advocates of performance appraisal tools based their justification on a theory of change – Force Field Analysis – that was put forward by Kurt Lewin. Lewin’s idea as summarized by Sinclair-Hunt and Simms, is described below: The idea is that a situation stays the same only when the forces for change are equivalent to the forces resisting it. The organization is then in equilibrium. Change happens when the forces for change outweigh the forces for restraint. Conversely, where the forces for restraint outweigh the forces for change, things remain the same.If handled carefully, the driving forces can overcome resistance. (2005) Those who believe in this approach could not be blamed. A case study of British airways â€Å"forceful changes† made on the organization resulted in averting bankruptcy and amazing growth. Sinclair-Hunt and Simms reveal a portion of the revolution that occurred in the said UK company, â€Å"Between 1982 and 1987 British Airways went from a publicly owned company with bureaucratic command culture and huge losses and decreasing mar ket share to a privately owned company with a market and service driven culture and profits of over $400 million.† (2005) The authors (Sinclair-Hunt & Simms) then listed the cause of the change was attributed to the following: †¢ Massive reduction in the workforce from 59,000 to 37,000 people †¢ Training programmes to develop appreciation of the business as a service industry †¢ Profit sharing, a bottom-up budgeting system, a user friendly computer system and the CEO engaging in question and answer sessions – all served to emphasise the new participative management style Many organizations are banking on the above-mentioned statements about change.They are mobilizing their HR departments to apply enough pressure for positive change to occur. Critics of Behaviour Assessment Systems Critics on the use of ill-conceived behaviour assessments asserts that theses procedures contain generally held assumptions and fallacies that if there is an input then there wi ll be an output and if enough pressure is done then change will occur. This idea was debunked by Sinclair-Hunt and Simms using the work of Kanter and associates and they said:Kanter et al. (1992) suggest that Lewin’s model of change is too simplistic. They argue that Lewin’s model is based on the view that organizations are essentially stable and static. They disagree with the idea that change results only from concentrated effort and that it happens in one direction at a time. Kanter et al. (1992) argue that change is multi-directional and ubiquitous – in other words, it happens in all directions at once and at a more or less continuous process.This complexity can help to explain why Lewin’s model may not seem to have much relationship with real lie, where change seems a more confused process. (2005) Herein lays the problem with those relying so much on assessment to encourage change when they fail to include in their system the idea that every aspect of the organization must be considered and all the forces at work in the enterprise as well.On the aversion for the idea that aggressive action will bear immediate positive results, Campbell (1989) said, â€Å"We need reminding that trainees do not just fall out of some great trainee bin in the sky; they probably have rather long and varied organizational histories, which have created certain attitudes, values and behaviors relative to specific training experiences† (as cited in Baldwin & Magjuka, 1997). Baldwin and Magjuka supports the idea of deliberate planning and implementation of organization change and not a one shot fix all scheme as is evident in most HR list of suggested solutions and they said:An assumption common to most training guidebooks is that the learning context can be managed or designed in a way that will affect trainee cognitions and, ultimately, training effectiveness. However this assumption tends to oversimplify the complexity of managing contextual fac tors in organization. We contend that the complexity stems in large part from the difficulty of predicting how employees will attach meaning to management acts, and the reality that, for organization employees, training is not an isolated event or singular activity, but an episode that occurs among many other organizational episodes experienced by those employees.(1997) Problems Encountered in the Real World Clampitt in his book Communication for Managerial Effectiveness shows that behaviour assessment is very difficult to execute properly in the real world. This is because the frailty of human being in terms of their personal agenda and other self-serving interest hinders them from giving an objective assessment. Using the words of Sissela Bok, Clampitt showed what the ideal scenario should be and how far is reality from it:At its best, discretion is the intuitive ability to discern what is and is not intrusive and injurious, and to use this discernment in responding to the conflic ts everyone experiences as insider and outsider. It is an acquired capacity to navigate in and between the worlds of personal and shard experiences, coping with the moral questions about what is fair or unfair, truthful or deceptive, helpful or harmful, Inconceivable without an awareness of the boundaries surrounding people, discretion requires a sense for when to hold back I order not to bruise, and for when to reach out.(as cited in Clampitt, 2005) For his final analysis (Clampitt) on his reservation for performance appraisal systems and the like is partly seen in the following statements: Much ink has been spilled over the issue of performance appraisals, Business journals, periodicals, and books are filled with discussion on how to more effectively conduct the performance review. And with good reasons; there is probably no greater area of employee dissatisfaction. In fact, although most organization maintains a formal performance process, few achieve their objective [†¦] Ot her complaints abound.Unfair rating scales, lack of objectivity, and lack of specific examples to back up the evaluation†¦(2005) Using Baldwin and Magjuka’s insights on the slow learning process experienced by an employee. It is now clear why employees would view such behavioural assessment systems as unfair. Management can be designing an assessment procedure that will look for behavioural changes that are not present. Not because the employee is lazy or has no resolve to change but as pointed out by Baldwin and Magjuka, it is not there yet because the natural process of learning has not yet taken its course.Clampitt adds the following reasons for the infectivity of this HR system 1) managers resist the appraisal process because it is used to accomplish multiple goals that are sometimes incompatible; 2) many mangers feel compelled to inflate ratings in favor of their department; and 3) many managers resist the appraisal process because they feel that they are â€Å"pla ying God† (2005). Goals of Behaviour Assessment The following is the discussion of the generally accepted goals of behaviour assessment and will be used as a basis for understanding the failure of said assessment tools in achieving the following objectives.The first common reason for incorporating such practice of evaluating employees stems from the great need to ascertain how competent a worker/employee is in his/her given position. Background information can be gleaned from the works of Woodruffe (1990), â€Å"Competency is a person-based concept which refers to the dimensions of behavior lying behind competent performance. † Woodruffe (1990) added that competence is â€Å"A work-related concept which refers to areas of work at which the person is competent† (as cited in Armstrong, 2003).The Need for Accuracy This paper propose that one of the reasons that behaviour assessment is a very much troubled aspect of HRM practice is due to the fact that there is no ro om for error on its findings and recommendations. Consider the following documented events on UK’s experience with a failed assessment for correct pay costs as described in Armstrong and Brown’s book Paying for Contibution: Chancellor Gordon Brown (regarding the most publicized UK pay developments in a single month –May 1998- ), saw the UK private sector earnings growth of 5.6 percent as giving serious cause of concern, threatening the competitiveness of the UK economy and the maintenance of price stability; in June the Bank of England cited wage increases outstripping productivity growth as the prime justification for an increase in interest rates [†¦] that rising wages could, destroy the enormous prize of economic growth and stability. (1999) Amy Delpo on the need for accurate and fair appraisal issued the following warning, â€Å"As you may have been told, conducting a shoddy performance appraisal can get your company – and you – into lega l trouble.There is no point in sugarcoating it for you: Writing the wrong things on a performance appraisal or doing the appraisal unfairly or improperly can have devastating consequences if you are sued by an employee† (2005) Promises Are Made to be Broken There is an expectation amongst employees that if they did a fairly good job then management will notice. This is reinforced by the fact that a regular performance evaluation is being conducted by the people from HRM.This leads to the expectation that salary will be adjusted based on competency and the worker’s striving not only to achieve a higher level of performance but also on a higher degree of conforming to what is believed to be as admirable behaviour befitting a model employee. It will be such a disappointment for said employee to discover, or when he realizes after a few years of no wage increase, that the job performance evaluation was worth nothing. Armstrong and Brown explain why promises of performance r elated pay is most often a figment of imagination, and the authors said:The motor industry presents a good example of the competitive pressure which have forced similar changes in pay and working practices across many sectors. The threat in a ruthlessly competitive European market from Far East manufacturers, and the opportunities for an increasingly concentrated set of globally organized companies to shift production to lower cost locations (VW in Eastern Europe), or closer to new markets (Mercedes and BMW in the United States), means that the European firms simply cannot afford to have uncompetitive wage costs which are out of line with the productivity and performance of alternative location. (1999)If this is the case then HR specialist must stop deluding employees that the job performance will affect their pay grade. The truth is HRM needs the evaluation to enforce change and to make personnel related decisions but could not deliver on its promise to the employees for economic r easons; this has disheartened not a few employees. The Problem with HRM After all these things are said and done, the most unbelievable reason perhaps as to why behaviour assessment is such a troubling aspect of management in general and HRM in particular lies in the fact that the department tasked to design such evaluation systems is in trouble itself.Consider the following insights from David E. Guest, UK’s own expert on the study of human resource management, and he said: There has been a rash of studies demonstrating a positive association between human resource management (HRM) and performance, providing encouragement to those who have always advocated the case for a distinctive approach to the management of human resources. While these studies represent encouraging signs of progress, statistical sophistication appears to have been emphasized at the expense of theoretical rigour. (1999) In Australia the problem of HRM is a concern.Graham Andrewartha likes to believe that : [†¦] human resource management is a management specialty that has not yet achieved professional status. Further, because of its monopoly over the people management area, it has diverted other managers from taking responsibility for people issues and unintentionally contributed to the continuing decline in people skills in Australian organization [†¦] HRM has always been reshaping itself, continuously changing and innovating, et not really changing at all. It requires foundation – not innovation – to be effective. (1998) ConclusionThe reason why behaviour assessment has met a lot of controversy in organizations around the world and most especially in Australia is due to confusion on what a correct and beneficial employee-performance-evaluation-system should look like. This is exacerbated by the lack of positive results on the basis of the use of such system for corporate and personnel gain. The answer to the query can be found in all these and more important ly on HRM need to change first before it can expect change from the corporation it wishes to serve. References Andrewartha, Graham. (1998). The Future Role of Human Resource Management. In G. L. O’Neil & R.Kramar (Eds. ) Australian Human Resource Management: Current Trends in Management Practice. Australia: Woodslane Pty Limited. Armstrong, Michael. (2003). Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Armstrong, M. & Brown, D. (1999). Paying for Contribution. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Baldwin, T. T. & Magjuka, R. (1997). Organizational Context and Training Effectiveness. In J. K. Ford et al. (Eds. ). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Berger, L. A. & Berger, D. R. (2000). The Compensation Handbook: A State-of-the-Art guide to Compensation Strategy and Design. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Clampitt, Phillip.(2005). Communication for Managerial Effectiveness 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications Ltd. DelPo, Amy. (2005). The Performance Appraisal Hand book: Legal and Practical Rules for Managers. 1st ed. CA: Consolidated Printers, Inc. Guest, D. E. () Human Resource Management and Performance: A Review and Research Agenda. In R. S. Schuler & S. E. Jackson (Eds. ) Strategic Human Resource Management. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Mathis, R. L. & Jackson, J. H. (1989). Human Resource Management. 11th ed. NE: South-Western. Sinclair-Hunt, M. & Simms, H. (2005). Organizational Behaviour and Change Management. UK: Select Knowledge Limited.

The Murder of Anchorwoman Ann Pressly

On October 20, 2008, Anne Pressly, a popular morning anchorwoman at KATV television, was found badly beaten in the bedroom of her home in the Pulaski Heights section of Little Rock. She was found by her mother who went to check on her after she failed to answer a wake-up call. Every bone in her face was broken, her jaw was shattered and she broke her hand will trying to fight off her attacker. She died five days later as a result of her injuries without regaining consciousness. Recent Developments Man Convicted in Anchorwomans Murder Previous Developments Judge Refuses to Delay Anchorwoman Case Trial Anchorwoman Suspect Says Police Tricked HimOct. 8, 2009An Arkansas man accused of the murder of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman testified that the police used threats and tricks to get him to confess to the crime and give different versions of what happened. Suspect in Anchorwoman Death Refuses ExaminationJune 16, 2009An Arkansas man accused of the murder of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman has refused to undergo a court-ordered mental examination. Court papers said Curtis Lavelle Vance refused the exam, but he did so in a rational manner. Accused Anchorwoman Killer Faces EvaluationMay 5, 2009The man facing trial for killing a popular Little Rock television news anchor will face a mental evaluation at the request of his attorneys. Curtis Lavelle Vance is charged with the murder of Anne Pressly. Anchorwomans Accused Killer Charged in RapeApril 11, 2009The man accused of killing a popular Little Rock, Arkansas television anchorwoman has entered a not guilty plea to rape and burglary in a separate case. Curtis Lavelle Vance, 28, was linked to the rape in his hometown of Marianna by DNA evidence collected in the Ann Pressly case, police said. Parents Say Pressly Was Sexually AssaultedDec. 1, 2008The parents of a television anchorwoman who was beaten to death in her home say she was also sexually assaulted. Anne Pressly was beaten so badly her jaw was shattered and she broke her hand trying to defend herself, her parents told NBCs Today show. DNA Links Murder Suspect to Earlier RapeNov. 28, 2008The Arkansas man arrested for the murder of a popular television anchorwoman in Little Rock has been linked through DNA evidence in that case to the rape of a school teacher in April. Curtis Lavelle Vance, 28, is being held without bond for the murder of Anne Pressly. Man Charged in Anchorwomans Beating DeathNov. 26, 2008A 28-year-old Arkansas man has been arrested in the death of a popular Little Rock television anchorwoman who was found beaten in her home in October. Curtis Lavelle Vance of Marianna was charged with capital murder in the death of 26-year-old Anne Pressly. Reward Offered for Clues in Anchorwomans MurderOct. 25, 2008A $30,000 reward is being offered for information in the case of an Arkansas television anchorwoman who was found brutally beaten in her home last week. Anne Pressly, 26, died from the injuries that she received in the apparent home-invasion robbery a week ago.